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Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2008) - Norfolk Island (2001)
Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2008) z Norfolk Island (2001)
| Sao Tome and Principe (2008) | Norfolk Island (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome
note: Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 47.3% (male 47,796/female 46,589)
15-64 years: 49% (male 47,386/female 50,412) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 3,383/female 4,013) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish | Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry |
| Airports | 2 (2007) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007) |
total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 1,001 sq km
land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | more than five times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation. | Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. |
| Birth rate | 39.72 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $74.11 million
expenditures: $57.71 million (2007 est.) |
revenues:
$4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93) |
| Capital | name: Sao Tome
geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
Kingston |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) | subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 209 km | 32 km |
| Constitution | approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990 | Norfolk Island Act of 1979 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe |
conventional long form:
Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island |
| Currency | - | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | 6.28 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $318 million (2002) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA
chancery: 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 317-0580 FAX: [1] (212) 935-7348 consulate(s): Atlanta |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $31.9 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program (2005) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, Sao Tome signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed Sao Tome's receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Real GDP growth exceeded 6% in 2007, as a result of increases in public expenditures and oil-related capital investment. | Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 16.74 million kWh (2005) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2005) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2005) | - |
| Electricity - production | 18 million kWh (2005) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) | descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians |
| Exchange rates | dobras per US dollar - 13,700 (2007), 12,050 (2006), 9,900.4 (2005), 9,902.3 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA (since 14 February 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 July 2006 (next to be held July 2011); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president; percent of vote - Fradique DE MENEZES 60%, Patrice TROVOADA 38.5% |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Anthony J. MESSNER (since 4 August 1997) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Ronald Coane NOBBS (since 23 February 2000) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the Administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 23 February 2000 (next to be held by March 2003) election results: Ronald Coane NOBBS elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA% |
| Exports | 0 bbl/day (2004) | $1.5 million (f.o.b., FY91/92) |
| Exports - commodities | cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil | postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados |
| Exports - partners | Netherlands 47.9%, Belgium 19%, Portugal 9.3% (2006) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia | three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 14.8%
industry: 14.2% services: 71% (2007 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 6.5% (2007 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 1 00 N, 7 00 E | 29 02 S, 167 57 E |
| Geography - note | the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous | - |
| Highways | - | total:
80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 634.4 bbl/day (2004) | $17.9 million (c.i.f., FY91/92) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products | NA |
| Imports - partners | Portugal 48.8%, France 19.7%, Belgium 5.1%, US 5.1% (2006) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe |
| Independence | 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 8.5% (2007 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber | tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 40.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 42.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 17% (2007 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 100 sq km (2003) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) | Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions |
| Labor force | 35,050 (1991) | 1,395 (1991 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | note: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers | tourism NA%, subsistence agriculture NA% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 8.33%
permanent crops: 48.96% other: 42.71% (2005) |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 0% other: 75% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese (official) | English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 26 March 2006 (next to be held in March 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - MDFM-PCD 37.2%, MLSTP 28.9%, ADI 20.0%, NR 4.7%, others 9.2%; seats by party - MDFM-PCD 23, MLSTP 19, ADI 12, NR 1 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 23 February 2000 (next to be held by March 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 67.64 years
male: 66.03 years female: 69.3 years (2007 est.) |
total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 84.9% male: 92.2% female: 77.9% (2001 census) |
- |
| Location | Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia |
| Map references | Africa | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 7 ships (1000 GRT or over) 20,455 GRT/27,871 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 6 foreign-owned: 2 (Egypt 1, Greece 1) (2007) |
none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005) | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard (2007) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.8% (2006) | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 12 July (1975) | Pitcairners Arrival Day, 8 June (1856) |
| Nationality | noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean |
noun:
Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) |
| Natural hazards | NA | typhoons (especially May to July) |
| Natural resources | fish, hydropower | fish |
| Net migration rate | -2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM [Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [[Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 199,579 (July 2007 est.) | 1,879 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 54% (2004 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.13% (2007 est.) | -0.71% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2001) | AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 2,500 (1996) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census) | Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% (1986) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.026 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.843 male(s)/female total population: 0.976 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
- |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: adequate facilities
domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment:
adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone service with Sydney (Australia) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 7,100 (2005) | 1,087 (1983) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 12,000 (2005) | 0 (1983) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (2001) | 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998) |
| Terrain | volcanic, mountainous | volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains |
| Total fertility rate | 5.53 children born/woman (2007 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA% |
| Waterways | - | none |
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